Note #2

I couldn’t tell whether this would be considered coercion or transformation, so I’ll just go with “asserting on a type and return the required one”.

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export const foo = (date?: string | Date): string | undefined => {}

Imagine the scenario in a JavaScript/TypeScript project where a date can be supplied as either a string or a real date object but the required end result is a string in ISO 8601 format. This code is copy pasted as-is from a project.

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const publishedDate = dates && dates.published
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    ? typeof dates.published === 'object'
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        ? dates.published.toISOString()
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        : new Date(dates.published).toISOString()
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    : undefined;
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const updatedDate = dates && dates.updated
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    ? typeof dates.updated === 'object'
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        ? dates.updated.toISOString()
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        : new Date(dates.updated).toISOString()
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    : undefined;